Pit and Fissure Sealants

Pit and fissure sealants are a preventive measure in pediatric dentistry that protects a child’s teeth from decay by physically sealing deep grooves and pits on the chewing surfaces of molars and premolars. The procedure is quick, non-invasive, and effective, though it’s not a substitute for good oral hygiene or regular dental check-ups. Sealants work by blocking bacteria and food from accumulating in these hard-to-clean areas, making them a key component of minimally invasive dentistry.

Physical barrier: They create a physical barrier in the pits and fissures that prevents the buildup of plaque, bacteria, and food debris.
Preventing decay: By blocking bacteria from accessing fermentable carbohydrates, sealants deprive them of food, which stops the progression of tooth decay.

Deep pits and fissures: Sealants are applied to teeth with deep grooves, especially the occlusal (chewing) surfaces of permanent molars, which are highly susceptible to caries.
High-risk children: They are recommended for children with an elevated risk of decay, including those with medical or physical disabilities that may complicate dental care.
Existing non-cavitated lesions: Sealants can also be used to arrest early, non-cavitated lesions in pits and fissures.

Preparation: The tooth surface is cleaned.
Isolation: The tooth is isolated to keep it dry. For children who cannot stay still, moisture-tolerant materials may be used.
Etching: A special solution (etchant) is applied to the tooth to help the sealant bond to the enamel.
Application: The sealant material is applied to the grooves.
Curing: The sealant is hardened with a special light or through chemical activation.

Sealants are not effective on teeth with existing decay and cannot be used to restore them.
While effective, they are not a replacement for brushing, flossing, or regular dental visits.
Sealants may need to be reapplied periodically to ensure continued protection.

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